SCL 2 QUESTION 1 AND 2

What Is An Open Source Software???

Ø        Open source software is computer software that is distributed along with its source code. The code that is used to create the software via a special software license. The license allows users to use, change and improve the software's source code, and to redistribute the software either before or after it has been modified.

          

         From your opinion, why people prefer open source software over proprietary alternatives nowadays?

Ø           In my opinion, people prefer open source software over proprietary alternatives because open source model is often developed in collaboration with other contributors, which you can get access and shared intellectually.

5 Most Popular Open Source Software

• Open Office
• Mozilla FireFox
• Web Browser
• Word Press
• Magento

COMPARISON BETWEEN OPEN OFFICE AND MICROSOFT OFFICE...

	Microsoft Office	Open Office
Different (definition)	Microsoft Office is a suite of different applications, servers and services such as Word, Excel, Power Point, etc	Open Office is a suite of open-source office productivity software suite that contains word processor, spreadsheets, presentations, etc

COMPARISON BETWEEN MOZILLA FIREFOX AND INTERNET EXPLORER...

	Mozilla FireFox	Internet Explorer
Different (advantages)	Speed, Security, array of features and extensions	Address bar provides auto complete, crash recovery, flexible search option

COMPARISON BETWEEN WORD PRESS AND BLOGGER...

	Word Press	Blogger
Different (themes and customization)	No template editing. Stylesheet editing only as a paid upgrade. Most of the themes have user-selectable options.	Google’s Dynamic Viewswill replace customized templates unless users set their Blog Feed to ‘None’ or ‘Short’

COMPARISON BETWEEN NOTEPAD AND MICROSOFT WORD...

	Note Pad	Microsoft Word
Different (function)	Simply a bare-bones text processor.	Offers a wide range of formatting and publishing features and can create many types of files.

COMPARISON BETWEEN MAGENTO AND OPENCART...

	Magento	OpenCart
Different (template option)	Extensive	Limited but growing

2.Discuss different types of threats and malicious program (malware) that can damage a computer, mobile device or disrupt any system.Search for information on current known malware program. Based on the information that you have found, create a table to list different types of malware, what it does, and how it can be repaired or removed. This information is useful for you to prevent any malware from damage your computer system.

Malware is a short form of malicious software which used or programmed by attackers to disrupt a computer operation, gather sensitive information, or to gain access to private computer systems. It can appear in the form of code, scripts, active content, and other software. Malware is a general term used to refer to a variety of forms of hostile or intrusive software. Below are stated the types of malwares, their function and prevention from them.

Types of Malware	What It Does	How It Can Be Repaid And Removed
Computer Virus	A malware when executed replicates by inserting copies of itself into other computer programs, data files, or the boot sector of hard drive. Perform some type of harmful activity on infected host.	Install an antivirus that can detect and eliminate known viruses when computer attempts to download or run an executable. Also operating system updated timely, careful Internet browsing and installation of trusted software.
Ransomware	A malware, known as crypto viral extortion, which restricts access to the computer system that it infects, and demands a ransom to paid to the creator of the malware in order for the restriction to be removed.	Keep all of the software on your computer up to date. Keep your firewall turned on. Don't open spam email messages or click links on suspicious websites.
Worms	A standalone malware that replicates itself in order to spread to other computers. Often uses a computer network to spread itself relying on security failures on the target computer to access it and cause some harm to the network	Operating system’s vendors will supply regular security updates. Users should be wary of opening unexpected email, not run attached files or programs, or visit suspicious web sites. Update regularly anti-virus or anti-spyware.
Trojan Horses	A hacking program, non-self-replicating type of malware which gains privileged access to the operating system while appearing to perform a desirable function but instead drops a malicious payload, often including backdoor.	Never run an executable file unless you are absolutely sure it comes from a trusted source. Security patches should always be downloaded directly from a vendor's website. Also, turn off computer when not used.
Root-kits	Stealthy malicious software, designed to hide the existence of certain processes or programs from normal methods of detection and enable continued privileged access to a computer.	Apply security patches, implementing the principle of least privilege, reducing the attack surface and installing anti-virus software. Also routine monitoring is required.
Spyware	Software that aids in gathering information about a person or organization without their knowledge and that may send such information to another entity without the consumer’s consent.	Install an anti-spyware program, which provide real-time protection, which scan all incoming network data for spyware and block the threats if detected.

SCL 3; OPERATING SYSTEM AND FILE MANAGEMENT

2)COMPARISON BETWEEN ANDROID AND WINDOWS 8 IN SMART PHONES

ANDROID

WINDOWS 8

android is an open system that is extremely and easily customizable. each smartphone that runs on the operating system comes with a specific user interface that is generally easy to use and allows us to customise the look of our device with a variety of skins or themes, wallpapers and the ability to create widgets based on the apps we have on our phones. The notification bar on the Jelly Bean operating system has also been redesigned so that it is more noticeable and attractive. Jelly Bean has support for more languages in its keyboard. Some of the newest supported languages include Arabic, Hindi, and Persian. Google Now is included in Android's Jelly Bean powered smartphones

the user interface is simple and clean and boasts a great metro look that includes live tiles and the ability to customize our home screen with apps of our choice and making them size of our choice from small, medium and large. windows phones 8 is easy to use and a refreshing change from the other,  older operating systems found in smartphones. windows phones 8 holds over android's Jelly Bean is that phones that run on it consume considerably less battery power while windows phones provides enough juice to last the user all the day and sometimes into the next. it is also easy to close apps that are running in the background and the phones run on a dual-core processor instead of quad-core processors that have to work twice as hard. windows phone 8 also integrates its People Hub with the most popular social networking websites and email hosts. the integration is quite gorgeous and installation of apps such as Facebook, for instance,  are not necessary as it is already built into the phones. all of our updates are updated on the home screen, which is something that cannot be done in Jelly Bean.

SCL3 : OPERATING SYSTEM AND FILE MANAGEMENT

1.LIST DOWN ALL THE OPERATING SYSTEM USED IN A DESTOP/LAPTOP AND FIND GOOD DESCRIPTION OF HOW OPERATING SYSTEM WORKS ? HENCE ,STATE THEIR ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES


THE OPERATING SYSTEM USED IN A DEKSTOP /LAPTOP TODAY

• Window
•  Linux
• Mac Os

How operating system works??

When you turn on your computer it's nice to think that you're in control. There's the trusty computer mouse, which you can move anywhere on the screen, summoning up your music library or internet browser at the slightest whim. Although it's easy to feel like a director in front of your desktop or laptop, there's a lot going on inside, and the real man behind the curtain handling the necessary tasks is the operating system.

Most desktop or laptop PCs come pre-loaded with Microsoft Windows. Macintosh computers come pre-loaded with Mac OS X. Many corporate servers use the Linux or UNIX operating systems. The operating system (OS) is the first thing loaded onto the computer -- without the operating system, a computer is useless.

More recently, operating systems have started to pop up in smaller computers as well. If you like to tinker with electronic devices, you're probably pleased that operating systems can now be found on many of the devices we use every day, from cell phones to wireless access points. The computers used in these little devices have gotten so powerful that they can now actually run an operating system and applications. The computer in a typical modern cell phone is now more powerful than a desktop computer from 20 years ago, so this progression makes sense and is a natural development.

The purpose of an operating system is to organize and control hardware and software so that the device it lives in behaves in a flexible but predictable way. In this article, we'll tell you what a piece of software must do to be called an operating system, show you how the operating system in your desktop computer works and give you some examples of how to take control of the other operating systems around you.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

An operating system, or OS, is a software program that enables the computer hardware to communicate and operate with the computer software. The most well-known operating systems are Windows, Mac OS and Linux, all of which have different versions. Although Windows is a PC-based OS, it can be run on  a Mac computer with the help of a programme. Here is a brief summary of pros (advantages)and cons (disadvantages) of each major operating system:

Windows:
- Can be expensive, especially compared to Linux, which is in most cases free.
- Easy to use, especially for new computer users, and plenty of help resources are available online.
- Although Microsoft Windows has made great improvements in reliability with recent versions, it still lags behind its competitors.
- It has a large library of available software, games and utilities, although many are expensive.
- Hardware manufacturers all make drivers and support for Windows OS.
- Openness to virus attacks is a major disadvantage.

Linux:
- It is an open source OS, which in most cases is free.
- Inexperienced computer users may find it more difficult to get to grips with Linux.
- It is very reliable and rarely freezes.
- Fewer computer programs, games and utilities are available for Linux.
- Many programs are free or open source, even very complex ones.
- There are still some manufacturers that do not offer hardware support for Linux OS, although there are fewer every year.
- The open source nature of Linux allows more advanced users to customise the code as they wish.
- Fewer people use Linux, therefore it is more difficult to find someone fully familiar with it, although there are vast resources online.

Mac OS:
- MAC computers are more expensive generally than PCs.
- MAC is a much more secure OS, and is far less open to viruses and malware.
- Stability is a major advantage - it very rarely crashes, loses data or freezes.
- Fewer computer programs and games are available for MACs.
- As most computer components of MACs are made by Apple, there are not many driver issues, unlike with PCs, which are made by many different manufacturers
MAC OS is not as customisable as Windows or Linux.